Strategic habits for building cognitive reserve

Arida, R. M., & Teixeira-Machado, L. (2021). The contribution of physical exercise to brain resilience. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 14. doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2020.626769

Ben-Zion, Z., Korem, N., Fine, N. B., Katz, S., Siddhanta, M., Funaro, M. C., Duek, O., Spiller, T. R., Danböck, S. K., Levy, I., & Harpaz-Rotem, I. (2023). Structural neuroimaging of hippocampus and amygdala subregions in posttraumatic stress disorder: A scoping review. Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science, 4(1), 120–134. doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.07.001

Bhat, A. (2015). Unraveling the mystery of cognitive reserve. Journal of Biosciences, 40(2), 205–208. doi:10.1007/s12038-015-9511-y

Ekdahl, N., Möller, M. C., Deboussard, C. N., Stålnacke, B., Lannsjö, M., & Nordin, L. E. (2023). Investigating cognitive reserve, symptom resolution and brain connectivity in mild traumatic brain injury. BMC Neurology, 23(1). doi:10.1186/s12883-023-03509-8

Evans, I. E. M., Martyr, A., Collins, R. L., Brayne, C., Clare, L., Anstey, K., & Peters, R. (2019). Social isolation and cognitive function in later life: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 70(s1), S119–S144. doi:10.3233/jad-180501

Faubion, S. S. (2022). Brain-building: How to grow your cognitive reserve. from https://mcpress.mayoclinic.org/healthy-brain/brain-building-how-to-grow-your-cognitive-reserve/

Fraser, E. E., Downing, M. G., Biernacki, K., McKenzie, D. P., & Ponsford, J. L. (2019). Cognitive reserve and age predict cognitive recovery after mild to severe traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, 36(19), 2753–2761. doi:10.1089/neu.2019.6430

Gallardo-Gómez, D., Del Pozo-Cruz, J., Noetel, M., Álvarez-Barbosa, F., Alfonso-Rosa, R. M., & Del Pozo Cruz, B. (2022). Optimal dose and type of exercise to improve cognitive function in older adults: A systematic review and bayesian model-based network meta-analysis of RCTs. Ageing Research Reviews, 76. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2022.101591

Herold, F., Törpel, A., Schega, L., & Müller, N. G. (2019). Functional and/or structural brain changes in response to resistance exercises and resistance training lead to cognitive improvements—a systematic review. European Review of Aging and Physical Activity, 16(1). doi:10.1186/s11556-019-0217-2 

Ilut, S., Vadan, I., & Muresanu, D. (2022). The impact of cognitive reserve in the recovery of chronic encephalopathy associated with traumatic brain injury. Journal of Medicine and Life, 15(6), 723–726. doi:10.25122/jml-2022-1007

Katzman, R., Terry, R., DeTeresa, R., Brown, T., Davies, P., Fuld, P., . . . Peck, A. (1988). Clinical, pathological, and neurochemical changes in dementia: A subgroup with preserved mental status and numerous neocortical plaques. Annals of Neurology, 23(2), 138–144. doi:10.1002/ana.410230206

Kelly, M. E., Duff, H., Kelly, S., McHugh Power, J. E., Brennan, S., Lawlor, B. A., & Loughrey, D. G. (2017). The impact of social activities, social networks, social support and social relationships on the cognitive functioning of healthy older adults: A systematic review. Systematic Reviews, 6(1). doi:10.1186/s13643-017-0632-2

Krell-Roesch, J., Syrjanen, J. A., Vassilaki, M., Machulda, M. M., Mielke, M. M., Knopman, D. S., Kremers, W. K., Petersen, R. C., & Geda, Y. E. (2019). Quantity and quality of mental activities and the risk of incident mild cognitive impairment. Neurology, 93(6), e548–e558. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000007897

Leary, J. B., Kim, G. Y., Bradley, C. L., Hussain, U. Z., Sacco, M., Bernad, M., . . . Chan, L. (2018). The association of cognitive reserve in chronic-phase functional and neuropsychological outcomes following traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 33(1), E28–E35. doi:10.1097/htr.0000000000000329

Lee J. (2020). Effects of aerobic and resistance exercise interventions on cognitive and physiologic adaptations for older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(24). doi;10.3390/ijerph17249216

Maggi, S., Ticinesi, A., Limongi, F., Noale, M., & Ecarnot, F. (2023). The role of nutrition and the Mediterranean diet on the trajectories of cognitive decline. Experimental Gerontology, 173. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2023.112110

Manrique-Gutiérrez, G., Rodríguez-Cayetano, Q., Samudio-Cruz, M. A., & Carrillo-Mora, P. (2024). The role of cognitive reserve in traumatic brain injury: A systematic review of observational studies. Brain Injury, 38(1), 45–60. doi:10.1080/02699052.2024.2304876

McCrea, M. A., Giacino, J. T., Barber, J., Temkin, N. R., Nelson, L. D., Levin, H. S., . . . Zafonte, R. . (2021). Functional outcomes over the first year after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury in the prospective, longitudinal TRACK-TBI study. JAMA Neurology, 78(8), 982–992. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.2043

Miller, B. L., Clare, L., Wu, Y. T., Teale, J. C., MacLeod, C., Matthews, F. E., Brane, C., & Woods, B. (2017). Potentially modifiable lifestyle factors, cognitive reserve, and cognitive function in later life: A cross-sectional study. PLOS Medicine, 14(3). doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002259

Nakou, A., Dragioti, E., Bastas, N.S., Zagorianakou, N., Kakaidi, V., Tsartsalis, D. . . . & Gouva, M.. (2025). Loneliness, social isolation, and living alone: A comprehensive systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of mortality risks in older adults. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 37(1), 29. doi:10.1007/s40520-024-02925-1

Oldenburg, C., Lundin, A., Edman, G., Nygren-de Boussard, C., & Bartfai, A. (2015). Cognitive reserve and persistent post-concussion symptoms—A prospective mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) cohort study. Brain Injury, 30(2), 146–155. doi:10.3109/02699052.2015.1089598

Opdebeeck, C., Matthews, F. E., Wu, Y. T., Woods, R. T., Brayne, C., & Clare, L. (2017). Cognitive reserve as a moderator of the negative association between mood and cognition: evidence from a population-representative cohort. Psychological Medicine, 48(1), 61–71. doi:10.1017/s003329171700126x

Orchard, E. R., Rutherford, H. J. V., Holmes, A. J., & Jamadar, S. D. (2023). Matrescence: Lifetime impact of motherhood on cognition and the brain. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 27(3), 302–316. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2022.12.002

Perry, B. L., Roth, A. R., Peng, S., Risacher, S. L., Saykin, A. J., Apostolova, L. G., & Schafer, M. (2022). Social networks and cognitive reserve: Network structure moderates the association between amygdalar volume and cognitive outcomes. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 77(8), 1490–1500. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbab192

Raza, Z., Hussain, S. F., Ftouni, S., Spitz, G., Caplin, N., Foster, R. G., & Gomes, R. S. M. (2021). Dementia in military and veteran populations: A review of risk factors—traumatic brain injury, post-traumatic stress disorder, deployment, and sleep. Military Medical Research, 8(1). doi:10.1186/s40779-021-00346-z

Song, S., Stern, Y., & Gu, Y. (2022). Modifiable lifestyle factors and cognitive reserve: A systematic review of current evidence. Ageing Research Reviews, 74. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2021.101551

Stern, Y., Arenaza‐Urquijo, E. M., Bartrés‐Faz, D., Belleville, S., Cantilon, M., Chetelat, G., . . . Vuoksimaa, E. (2020). Whitepaper: Defining and investigating cognitive reserve, brain reserve, and brain maintenance. Alzheimer's & Dementia, 16(9), 1305–1311. doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2018.07.219

Steward, K. A., Kennedy, R., Novack, T. A., Crowe, M., Marson, D. C., & Triebel, K. L. (2018). The role of cognitive reserve in recovery from traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 33(1), E18–E27. doi:10.1097/htr.0000000000000325

Zavecz, Z., Shah, V. D., Murillo, O. G., Vallat, R., Mander, B. A., Winer, J. R., . . . Walker, M. P. (2023). NREM sleep as a novel protective cognitive reserve factor in the face of Alzheimer's disease pathology. BMC Medicine, 21(1). doi:10.1186/s12916-023-02811-z

Zijlmans, J. L., Riemens, M. S., Vernooij, M. W., Ikram, M. A., & Luik, A. I. (2023). Sleep, 24-hour activity rhythms, and cognitive reserve: A population-based study. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 91(2), 663–672. doi:10.3233/jad-220714

Zilcha-Mano, S., Duek, O., Suarez-Jimenez, B., Zhu, X., Lazarov, A., Helpman, L., Korem, N., Malka, M., Harpaz-Rotem, I., & Neria, Y. (2023). Underlying hippocampal mechanism of posttraumatic stress disorder treatment outcome: Evidence from two clinical trials. Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science, 3(4), 867–874. doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.01.005